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Franz Joseph Gall
Franz Josef Gall (; 9 March 175822 August 1828) was a neuroanatomist, physiologist, and pioneer in the study of the localization of mental functions in the brain.
Claimed as the founder of phrenology,〔Graham, Patrick. (2001) Phrenology ((DVD) ) : revealing the mysteries of the mind . Richmond Hill, Ont. : American Home Treasures. ISBN 0-7792-5135-0〕 Gall was an early and important researcher in his fields. His contributions to the field of neuropsychology were controversial at the time and now widely referred to as pseudoscience. However, Gall's study of phrenology helped establish psychology as a science, contributed to the emergence of the naturalistic approach to the study of man, and played an important part in the development of evolutionist theories, anthropology, and sociology.〔Livianos et al 2007〕
== Early life ==
Gall was born in the village of Tiefenbronn to a wealthy Roman Catholic wool merchant. The Galls, originally a noble family from Lombardy,〔http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Franz_Joseph_Gall.aspx〕 had been the leading family in the area for over a century. His father was the mayor of Tiefenbronn and he was one of 12 children, only 7 of whom lived to adulthood.〔Gall 1835〕
Gall's scientific inquiry began in his youth. As a boy, he was fascinated by the differences between himself, his siblings, and his classmates. He developed an early interest in the brain after making a connection between one classmate's odd shaped skull and advanced language abilities.〔Eling 1994〕 He enjoyed collecting and categorizing plants and animals. He also realized the importance of observation as a scientific technique at a young age.〔Tomlinson 2005〕
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